Return-Path: palmer@atsvax.rsmas.miami.edu Return-Path: Received: from atsvax.rsmas.miami.edu (atsvax-dn.rsmas.miami.edu) by crseo.ucsb.edu (4.1/SMI-4.4-Crseo Special) id AA11172; Mon, 4 Oct 93 21:42:44 PDT Date: Tue, 5 Oct 93 04:35:59 GMT From: palmer@atsvax.rsmas.miami.edu Message-Id: <931005043559.2140a7b8@atsvax.rsmas.miami.edu> Subject: SCIENCE SITREP To: palmer_science@atsvax.rsmas.miami.edu X-St-Vmsmail-To: MSG%"PALMER_SCIENCE" Status: O SEND PLM183.OCT MSG%"PALMER_SCIENCE" SCIENCE SITREP R 050417Z OCT 93 FROM: Barbara Prezelin,Science Leader P A L M E R S T A T I O N A N T A R C T I C A TELEMAIL::PALMER.STA PHONE/FAX: 011-874-150-3157 SPAN::PALMER@ATSVAX.SPAN TELEX: 5841503157 PNHG INTERNET::PALMER@ATSVAX.RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU !TO SPOLE NSFREP !TO ASAMCM,GRANTEES,ASASEC CC E-MAIL::spole,duke,natpalmer,vlf@star.standford.edu, NSFMCM,karentzd@alm.admin.usfca.edu,CHAPPELL@UCRACC.SPAN DALLUGE@ATMOS.OGI.EDU,dpp-messages@nsf.gov,nsfchch@asa.iac.org.nz asachch@asa.iac.org.nz,wwweather@ucdavis.edu,p.penhale@nsf.gov robin@crseo.ucsb.edu,langdon@crseo.ucsb.edu,ray@crseo.ucsb.edu dunton@utmsi.zo.utexas.edu,bsidell@maine.maine.edu prospero@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu,savoie@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu frazer@lifesci.ucsb.edu,M.Kennicutt,W.Stockton,T.Delaca, R.Hanson,E.Hofmann,R.Bidigare,R.Booth,W.Trivelpiece, O.Holm.Hansen,GMCC.BOULDER (pass to Bernard Mendonca), G.Mitchell,M.Vernet,N.Swanberg,M.Huntley,f.AZAM,R.RADTKE,D.Karl, S.WEILER,W.Fraser,SEA.SPACE,B.Sidell,W.Detrich,whbob@arcane.ucsd.edu EVANS.ASA@ASA.ORG, WOOD.ASA@ASA.ORG, SHEPHERD.ASA@ASA.ORG Responding: Please insert in message, all CAPS, with the ! in column 1: !TO PAL SCIENCE, LABMANAGER, ADMIN, MANAGER PALMER Station Sit Reports for September 1993 S-106 Stanford VLF. U. Inan, Stanford University. No personnel were on station. The system has been operated by the station science technician. Data were collected daily and prepared for retrograde. There have been occasional instances of sporadic loss of digital data; noise on the A/D triggering line to the data collection computer is suspected. Investigation of the problem is ongoing. S-275 UM/DOE Atmospheric Monitoring Program at Palmer Station. T.Snowdon, University of Miami; C. Sanderson/N. Chui, EML/DOE N.Y. No personnel were on station. The system has been operated by the station science technician. One sample filter was exposed for the duration of each week, and a weekly schedule of calibration, background, and sample counts was maintained. T-312 Terascan satellite imaging system. R. Whritner, Scripps Institute. PI was on station through September 25. Automatic preliminary image processing for all captured satellite passes was implemented. DMSP and NOAA telemetry was collected, processed, and archived. Ice images and ozone maps were produced in support of Science and Marine Operations. T-313 UV Monitoring Experiment. C. Booth, Biospherical Instruments. No personnel were on station. The system has been operated by the station science technician. Irradiance data were collected daily and transmitted to ATSVAX for BSI. Absolute calibrations were performed on September 10 with the seasoned lamp and on September 25 with the site standard. High voltages were dropped on data and response scans due to brightening conditions. Preliminary irradiance data and inferred ozone abundances were produced in support of Science. S-091 Seismic Observatory. United States Geological Survey. No personnel were on station. The system has been monitored by the station science technician. Data was successfully collected and prepared for retrograde. S-014 Energetics of the Adults and the Larvae of the Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba. Principal Investigators: Langdon B. Quetin and Robin M. Ross, University of California at Santa Barbara. Field Team: L. Quetin, T. Frazer, C. Wyatt and J. MahoneyL. Quetin arrived on station 26 August. T. Frazer and L. Quetin departed 29 August on the LTER cruise under S-028 and returned 24 September. T. Frazer and J. Mahoney departed Palmer Station for CONUS 25 September. Carol Wyatt remains at Palmer Station as part of S-028. During September we finished experiments with late furcilia of Euphausia superba. These included experiments at -1.5 C and +1.5 C to determine growth rates and isotopic turnover, six starvation and respiration experiments, and two experiments to determine the duration of starvation. Phytoplankton cultures were maintained and subadult krill analyzed for lipid and protein. S-028 Prey Component (krill, fish, zooplankton): Palmer Long- Term Ecological Research.Field Team: L. Quetin, T. Frazer, M. Hearne, C. Shaw, S. Anderson, M. Anghera, N. Horne, C. Wyatt M. Hearne, C. Shaw, S. Anderson, M. Anghera and N. Horne arrived and departed with the Polar Duke after the LTER cruise. L. Quetin remained at Palmer Station to begin the seasonal sampling program at Palmer Station. T. Frazer departed with the Polar Duke. C. Wyatt is now working under S-028. The August/September LTER cruise departed Palmer Station 29 August and returned 24 September. The cruise covered transect lines 600, 500, 400, 300, and part of 200. Sea ice was especially heavy at the southern end of the 200 line, but was encountered at all stations. Though no nets were towed on the 200 line, we were able to tow at most stations on the 300 line and at all stations on 400, 500, 600. Dive stations occurred at most stations on all transect lines and we were able to estimate abundances of and collect krill larvae, sample the under ice surface community for estimates of Chl a, pigments, carbon, and bacterial biomass, and complete transects with a PUV instrument. During the cruise very few adult krill were encountered. Adults were seen deep in the water column and periodically feeding on the underside of the sea ice by divers. Krill larvae were found widely distributed and feeding on the underside of the sea ice. Both adults and larvae were preserved and frozen for later analysis and their growth rates determined on board. Since 24 September Arthur Harbor has been covered with sea ice and zodiac operations are not possible. We plan to collect krill by diving early the first week in October to begin the S-028 seasonal sampling program. S-032, Long-Term Ecological Research on the Marine Ecosystem: An Ice-Dominated System. Principal Investigator: R.C. Smith, remote sensing and bio-optics component. S-034, Ozone diminution, Ultraviolet Radiation and Phytoplankton Biology in Antarctic Waters. Co-Principal Investigators R.C. Smith (S-034)and B. Prezelin (S-010). Field Team: P. Handley, E. Fields, J. Marquez LTER Aug. 93 Cruise departed 29 August and returned 26 September. ROZE - The zodiac operation for CTD, fluorescence, transmittance and the OFFI, for determining downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance , were set up in a Mark V zodiac and checked out. Lowering arm for ROZE depth transducer was fabricated on station. Ice conditions prevented starting a routine LTER sampling effort within the Palmer grid although weather/ice conditions allowed limited sampling on 13 (Stations A & B), 14 (Stat. E), 15 (Stats. B & C), and 17 (Stats. B,C,D & E) September. Water samples for chlorophyll analysis were also obtained at all stations. When possible shore water samples were taken at from Gammage Point and/or Bonnaparte Point during the period when zodiac operations were not possible. During the last week of September as South -West wind returned ice to Arthur Harbor, and zodiac operations were terminated. LUVSS - Light and Ultra Violet Submersible Spectroradiometer for determination of fine resolution downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance. Testing and comparison of the surface unit with Biospeherical Instruments radiometer continued at T-5. Software update and revision was major a focus. Modified tie down points were welded to the underwater LUVSS deployment cage A sling was lashed to the cage, completing the setup of the deployment cage for use on the upcoming ( S-034) cruise. Fluorescence - Water samples collected during zodiac operations or land based sampling points were filtered. Fluorescence measurements were made with Turner Designs digital fluorometer. Comparison of fluorescence data with S-010 HPLC data continues. Computer Networking - Sun IPC's, Apple Macintosh's and DOS based ethernet was removed from the Polar Duke and reinstalled at palmer station. Networked computers used to transfer and process data acquired from ROZE, LUVSS, PUV and shipboard data. PUV - Continuining experiments for measurment of radiance reflectance and penetration of UV through sea-ice were conducted on station as a continuation of measurements collected on the LTER cruise. SIT REPORT FOR SeptemberS010- NSF DPP-92-20962 grant, "Ozone Dimunition, Ultraviolet Radiation and Phytoplankton Biology in Antarctic Waters." Co PIs. Barbara Prezelin (S010) Field Team: Barbara Prezelin, Mark Moline, Nicolas Boucher, Raffael Jovine, Tony Diem, Bernd Kroon, TJ Evens, Oscar Schofield Our objective for our 3 month stay in Antarctica (August 8th- November 8th) is to quantify the UV dependency of production, photodamage & photoprotective responses in diverse Antarctic phytoplankton communities. Specifically, we aim to a) repeat previous in situ mooring studies in the MIZ b) determine UV inhibition effects on key target sites known to occur in phytoplankton. Target sites for the proposed study include i) DNA photodamage, ii) Photosynthetic electron flow & iii) Photoprotective carotenoids & mycosporine-like amino acids. d) return with of 'time capsules' of microbial DNA that will be available for us & other researchers to examine for possible genetic effects of UV radiation on Antarctic marine microbial communities. Ice coverage has been highly variable since field exercises began August 17th, thus enabling us to conduct studies in frazil ice, water column and benthic communities of phytoplankton. Water column sampling has continued and an average of 4 depth profiles per week and multiple surface samples have been collected. A total of 47 experimental events have been logged. Coinciding with each productivity, DNA, absorbance, and PAM measurement and field sample, samples have been analyzed for their algal pigment content using HPLC. Presently 17 pigments are being resolved. Development of and calibration of a new HPLC method (Wright et al. 1991) was also completed during this period to increase the resolution of pigments and to decrease waste generated from the analysis. In addition to pigment analyses, 220 samples have been collected for determination of macronutrients (SiO4, NO3, NH4, PO4), and CHN content. In collaboration with Dr. Strickland, we have collect natural assemblages of phytoplankton (and bacteria) in order to extract their DNA and assess them for DNA damage as a result of UV radiation. 'Time capsule' DNA has been stored for later analysis, allowing characterization of the organisms' DNA when future assays come on line, for the possible reconstruction of genetic baseline information. Samples collected under variable UV intensities allow us to establish a dose response curve (how much damage as a result of how much UV radiation) on natural algal assemblages under ambient conditions. There are no biases from culturing conditions of individual species as there are no biases due to unrealistic UV lamp outputs. However, dose responses vary amongst different species so that the resulting DNA damage is variable as the algal assemblages change with species composition changes over a season. In order to document the changes in DNA damage we have collected samples during the early season before the formation and during the establishment of the Ozone hole. We will continue to monitor the changes in susceptability to DNA damage as the natural UV doses increase and the populations change by repeatedly sampling throughout the season. In combination with hydrography an assessment can be made how much mixing of the cells in the water column dilutes the UV effect. Cells incubated at the surface in comparison to cells freely mixing in the water column allow for an evaluation of how much damage cells receive when they are periodically exposed (as in a mixing sample) rather than continuously (as in incubators or bottles). Bacterial samples have been collected in collaboration with Dr. DeLong who will probe the samples for Archae bacteria. He has discovered that Archae bacteria that are normally found in extremely hot (hot springs) or anoxygenic environments appear to thrive in cold, oxygenated oceanic waters. This changes the view of the microbial community in the ocean and may have significant impact on the interpretation of the microbial activities (such as remineralization). In addition we have measured photosynthesis-irradiance curves (using Qpar-photosynthetrons) for freshly collected samples before and after outdoor incubation in the presence and absence of UV-B and UV-A radiation. Accompanying measurements of detrital-corrected absorption spectra (with the aid of an integrating sphere), and fluorescence decay kinetics (with the aid of a Pulse-Amplitude-Fluorimeter [PAM]) have been successful and a now a part of routine measurements to define the optical biology and photosensitivity of natural phytoplankton communities to UV radiation. We also completed several field measurement of biological weighting functions for UV-inhibition of primary production in Antarctic phytoplankton. 04222751.764 PLM183.OCT